What is ADHD?

If you’re wondering what is ADHD, you’ve come to the right place. Learn the signs and symptoms of ADHD, how to diagnose it, and the causes and treatment options available. If you’re concerned that your child might have ADHD, start by checking out these helpful articles. You’ll be glad you did! Here you’ll learn the signs and symptoms of ADHD, how to treat ADHD, and how to diagnose ADHD in children.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD

The DSM-5, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, defines the signs and symptoms of ADHD as a persistent pattern of hyperactivity/impulsivity in children and adults. To make a diagnosis, symptoms must be present in more than one setting and must be persistent over time. The diagnosis is most accurate when an outside informant is present to assess social and occupational functioning. Signs and symptoms of ADHD may also be confused with other conditions such as stress, depression, or anxiety.

Often, children and teens with ADHD are highly impulsive, often struggling with making and keeping friends. Because of this, their behavior may seem out of proportion to their ability to pay attention to the task at hand. In addition, they are also prone to impulsivity and inattention. Symptoms of ADHD can overlap with those of mood disorders or a variety of other conditions, so it’s important to visit a physician for a diagnosis.

ADHD often goes undiagnosed throughout childhood because it is so rare. If you had symptoms as a child, you might have been mistaken for a troublemaker, a slacker, or a dreamer. Although this type of diagnosis may have been acceptable when you were young, adult symptoms can interfere with your career or other obligations. As an adult, you may need to seek help to deal with the challenges that life can throw at you.

Types of ADHD

There are two types of ADHD, predominantly inattentive and hyperactive. Children with predominantly inattentive types are easily distracted, forgetful, and disorganized. Their attention problems are particularly visible in school. Despite these symptoms, adults can learn to conceal their attention issues, becoming less noticeable over time. In order to be diagnosed with either type, a child must show five symptoms of hyperactivity and six of inattentiveness.

The hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD is the classic presentation of the condition. Children with this type tend to be more impulsive, which makes them disruptive in the classroom. Males are more likely to suffer from this type of ADHD than females. Adults with this type may also exhibit restlessness and impulsivity. The combined type of ADHD includes some symptoms of both types. For example, some children with hyperactive-impulsive type may also show symptoms of inattentiveness.

Regardless of type, the correct treatment plan will help the child concentrate, persevere, manage time, and resist distractions. Additionally, the treatment plan should address strategies to play up strengths and compensate for weaknesses. The patient should also be able to learn new coping strategies and be more successful in specific areas of their lives. Although there are several treatment options for ADHD, it is always best to see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. Sometimes it takes several approaches to find an effective treatment. If you are not sure where to start, you can try Psych Central’s guide to mental health care.

Causes of ADHD

A controversy rages over the causes of ADHD. There are two main positions: one is that ADHD is a clinical entity. The other takes a more critical approach, questioning whether ADHD is a true condition at all. The third position criticizes overdiagnosis and overmedication, but it is still within the standard concept. Regardless of its position, the debate is not over whether ADHD is an entirely natural condition or not.

Psychosocial factors may play a role in the manifestation of ADHD, but the disorder isn’t entirely caused by these factors. There is a strong connection between a child’s living conditions and the development of the disorder. Living conditions such as a lack of routine, an unstructured daily schedule, and a high level of media consumption are known to trigger the onset of symptoms in children at risk. While genetics may be a factor, a chemical imbalance in the brain is the root cause of ADHD.

In most cases, genetics is a significant factor. Some studies have suggested that ADHD runs in families. For example, parents with ADHD are three to five times more likely to develop the disorder than children who have no family history of the disorder. However, these findings are still preliminary. Genetic factors are not the only factor contributing to ADHD. Environment and other factors can also play a role. And of course, the exact cause of ADHD remains elusive.

How is ADHD Diagnosed?

When a child has been diagnosed with ADHD, the first step in the diagnosis process is an evaluation of symptoms and behavior. The physician will examine the child’s history, how the child has been affected by school, and any behavioral problems that the child may have. Older children and teens can often give more detailed answers than younger children. In addition to the interview with the parent, the provider will likely perform various tests to rule out other possible diagnoses and physical concerns.

There are three main presentations of ADHD, including inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Inattentive presentations are often more challenging to deal with than others, including those involving difficulty following directions. Inattentive presentations are more likely to result in problems with attention, while hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are more common among children with ADHD. Psychiatrists use ratings scales to pinpoint a child’s symptoms.

Parents who suspect their child of ADHD should be prepared to accept their child’s diagnosis and make necessary accommodations. The child’s education plan can be adjusted to suit his or her needs, and a customized education plan can be developed. Games and digital therapeutic devices can also be used to help children overcome problems in school. While some children do not respond well to certain treatments, parents should be aware of the possible consequences of an inaccurate diagnosis. For example, a misdiagnosis could negatively affect a child’s self-esteem and school performance.

Treatsments for ADHD

While behavioral treatments are generally recommended for preschool-aged children, they often do not work as well as medicine. To help parents and pediatricians decide whether medicine is right for their child, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry developed a guide to medications and behavioral treatments. Some of the most popular medications for ADHD include Adderall and Concerta. If behavioral treatments are not enough to address the symptoms of ADHD, the doctor may add medication.

Some of the latest advances in treatment for ADHD are high-tech. Neurofeedback involves wearing an electrode-lined cap during therapy sessions. During these sessions, the patient performs a cognitive task while learning about brain-wave patterns that correspond to attention and focus. The sessions are relatively brief (usually 30 minutes), painless, and inexpensive. However, the research supporting the effectiveness of neurofeedback is still largely lacking. Many insurance companies do not cover the cost of neurofeedback treatments.

The most promising treatments for ADHD have not yet been fully developed. However, some doctors are hopeful that a new medication will work in time for a large number of children with the condition. While there are no proven treatments yet, a few of these drugs have been found to improve symptoms of ADHD in patients with other disorders. This is a good place to start if you’re seeking treatment for ADHD. However, if you’ve had an ADHD diagnosis and are looking for a new treatment, it may be best to consult a doctor who is well versed in treating the disorder.

ADHD in Adults

While laboratory tests are not necessary to diagnose ADHD, doctors can evaluate a person’s medical history, developmental history, and behavior patterns to determine if he or she has ADHD. Individuals who have ADHD may also feel restless, irritable, and lack self-control, or both. A low clinical suspicion for this condition may make doctors less likely to recognize symptoms of this disorder. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for ADHD in adults, including cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Symptoms of ADHD in adults may also be related to other health problems. Adults who exhibit symptoms of ADHD may also struggle with compulsive eating, substance abuse, depression, chronic stress, and low self-esteem. Some sufferers may also neglect important medical appointments and forget to take their medications. Additionally, adults with ADHD often experience difficulties with career and finances. To learn more about ADHD, consult with a physician or mental health provider today.

People with ADHD may also experience difficulty focusing. This makes it difficult to keep up with conversations and stay “tuned in” to tasks. Adults with ADHD often fail to complete tasks on time, meaning they miss deadlines or get distracted from important tasks. They may also have trouble coordinating their schedule, and they often lose track of time. Ultimately, these symptoms may lead to a lack of confidence and a poor work ethic.

ADHD Medication

There are many forms of treatment for ADHD, but medication is not the only option. Parents must structure situations so that their child can succeed, such as limiting their playmates. Managing stress can also help. Support groups can provide an avenue for people affected by ADHD to connect with others with similar experiences. Meeting regularly with a group can help the patient manage the stress of their lives. Getting the right amount of medication for each child may be a trial and error process, but working with your doctor is the first step.

Stimulants may improve the symptoms of ADHD in up to 80 percent of children. However, these drugs are not without side effects. Among other side effects, these medications can lead to irritability and social withdrawal. They may also raise blood pressure or heart rate. The side effects of ADHD medication are often accompanied by severe behavioral problems. Those who take them often forget to take them. To counteract this, many doctors prescribe long-acting stimulants.

Stimulants are the most common form of medication for ADHD. These drugs help children focus their thoughts and ignore distractions. Stimulants work well for about 70 percent of people, so they’re the treatment of choice for mild to moderate cases of ADHD. However, many patients find them too strong or have side effects, so physicians may consider another medication. A nonstimulant like atomoxetine may be a better option for people with severe symptoms of ADHD or for those with history of drug abuse or intolerance to stimulants.

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